These ARP head studs for VW & Audi MK7/MQB EA888 Gen 3 2.0T engines are made from premium grade 8740 alloy steel which is rated far superior to many "aircraft quality" competitors. The studs are heat treated to 200,000 psi then thread rolled afterward, giving them twenty times better fatigue strength over studs threaded prior to treatment (a common practice with lesser quality studs). These high-quality head studs will ensure your headgasket stays firmly planted under even the most extreme boost conditions. These parts are great for race engines, manufactured in the U.S.A. and 100% re-usable.